Journal of Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences

ABSTRACT

The human gut microbiota, a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has garnered increasing attention for its profound influence on physical and mental health. Within this context, the dynamic interplay between gut microbiota and anxiety has become a focal point of research, giving rise to the exploration of psychobiotics - live microorganisms with mental health benefits. This literature review consolidates existing knowledge on the intricate relationship between gut microbiota, psychobiotics, and anxiety, emphasizing the bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis. The review encompasses evidence from human and animal studies, exploring the impact of psychobiotics on anxiety-related processes through modulating neurotransmitter production, immune responses, and inflammatory processes. While experimental studies in animal models show promising results, clinical trials in humans present varied outcomes, underscoring the need for further research to identify specific strains and mechanisms governing psychobiotic effects. Challenges in methodological standardization and the dynamic nature of the gut microbiota necessitate interdisciplinary collaboration and advanced research techniques. Despite challenges, the incorporation of psychobiotics into anxiety management strategies holds promise, offering a complementary approach to traditional treatments. The potential to tailor interventions based on individual responses to specific strains aligns with the personalized nature of mental health care. This review concludes by highlighting the implications for anxiety management and the need for continued research to optimize the therapeutic potential of psychobiotics in promoting mental well-being.

Article History

Received 25 January 2024; Revised 1 April 2024; Accepted 8 April 2024

KEYWORDS

1. Gut microbiota
2. Psychobiotics
3. Anxiety
4. Gut-brain axis
5. Mental well-being